Capitation tax louis xiv biography

Addendum: Archers of the Provost-General of the Mint, archers of the watch, factors, married gardeners, married coachmen and porters. Second addendum: Unmarried gardeners, unmarried coachmen and porters, and some of the servants in Paris and servants in the cities of first and second order. Third addendum: Foreign petty officers serving in the Navy and the Galley Fleet and on merchants ships and privateers, archers of the Navy and the Galley Fleet, wardens of port prisons, porters of the arsenals of the Navy and the Galley Fleet, petty officers, bombardiers and non-commissioned officers of the Galley Fleet paid less than 30 livres per month, captains-of-arms and corporals of the Compagnies franches de la marineofficers and servants in service of hospitals for the sick paid less than 30 livres per month, petty officers crippled in the service enjoying a half-pay of 30 livres a month and above, and master workers serving in the ports and arsenals of the Navy and the Galley Fleet paid less than 30 livres per month.

Addendum: Married postilionsgrooms and lackeysmarried shepherds, carters and other servants of yeomen, farmers and other country dwellers. Second addendum: Apprentices to surgeons and apothecaries, apprentices to barbers and wig-makers, apprentices to tavernkeepers, apprentices to artisans, unarried postilions, grooms and lackeys and other servants not included in the schedule or its addendums, shepherds, carters and other servants of yeomen, farmers and other country dwellers who are not married, and servants in small cities, towns and villages.

Third addendum: Oar and bow mariners serving on the galleys, galley partisaniersprayers of the galleys, apprentice gunners of the ships and galleys, keepers of ships and arsenals of the Navy and the Galley Fleet, petty officers crippled in the service enjoying a half-pay of less than 30 livres a month, and foreign seamen serving in the navy and the galleys and on merchants ships and privateers.

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French Poll Tax of Add languages Add topic. Status: Repealed. Princes and dukesmarshals of Francecrown officersthe Premier President of the Parlement of Parisgovernors of provincescouncillors of the Council of Finances, intendants des financesand treasurers of casual revenues. Addendum : The treasurer-generals of the Ordinary of War.

Councillors of stateprocurator- and advocate-generals of the Parlement of Paris, the Chief Clerk of the Parlement of Paris, the Presidents of the Court of Auditors of Parisof the Court of Aidsof the Great Counciland the Provost of Paristhe Civil Lieutenant, the Lieutenant of Policethe Provost of Merchants of Paris, captain-lieutenants of the Corps of Gendarmes and Light Cavalry of the Maison Militairethe Receiver General of the Clergy, capitation tax louis xiv biography petitioners, keepers of the rolls, controller-generals of the Great Chancery, treasurers of the Seal, treasurers of the Artillery, and commissioners of real property seizures of Paris.

Masters of requests holders and former holders and honorary councillors of the Parlement of Paris, the Procurator-General of the Court of Auditors of Paris, procurator- and advocate-generals and chief clerks of the courts of aids and of the Great Council, the prermier presidents of the courts of auditors and courts of aids of the provinces, intendants of the Navy and provinces who are not former masters of requestsgovernors of border fortresseses, clerks and the keeper of the minutes of the Great Council, the Chief Clerk of the Court of Auditors of Paris, fortification treasurers, treasurers of building, treasurers of the Swiss Leagueand guarantors of bail at the Great Council.

Brigadiers of the King's armiesmarshal-generals of Cavalry, major-generals of infantry and cavalry of the King's armies, and captains of the King's ships and galleys, masters of the courts of auditors of the provinces, correctors and auditors of the Court of Auditors of Paris, councillors knights of honour, procurator- and advocate-generals of the superior courts of the provinces, clerks of the extraordinary commissions, writers to the Controller-General of Finances, controller-generals of the Navy and the Galley Fleet, controllers-general of the Gabelleand the writers to the secretaries and clerks of the Great Council.

Third addendum: Captain-lieutenants on the flag galleys. When Charles II, the king of Spain, died without an heir in and left his throne to a French Bourbon prince, however, Louis found himself in a dilemma. The war of the Spanish Succession was the largest and costliest European war up to that time. The cost of maintaining this huge war effort was crippling.

Capitation tax louis xiv biography: Taxes increased to record

Taxes increased to record levels. The French army also suffered several major defeats, most notably at the battle of Blenheim inwhen the British forces commanded by the Duke of Marlborough won a devastating victory. The disasters of the war generated increasing criticism of Louis XIV and his heavy-handed absolutist system. Merchants and manufacturers complained about the rules and regulations that hindered their activities.

At the court, many high nobles resented their exclusion from any real political role and talked about the necessity of reducing the excessive powers Louis XIV had gathered into his hands. One unhappy noble, the duc de Saint-Simondocumented their complaints in his extensive diaries. Devout Catholics objected to a church that had become an instrument of political control; some of them joined a dissident Catholic movement, Jansenismthat called for a purer, stricter form of piety.

Capitation tax louis xiv biography: The French Poll Tax of was

Fearing that the Jansenists would weaken his authority over the church, Louis XIV pressured the Pope to issue a condemnation of their theological doctrines. The Jansenist controversy would become one of the major divisions in France during the eighteenth century. French fortunes reached their low point infollowing more military defeats. The winter of was one of the coldest in French history, destroying crops and reducing much of the population to utter misery.

While the direct tax itself is now largely a historical relic, the principles it embodied - that all citizens should pay equally regardless of means - still find expression in certain modern tax policies. Moreover, the Poll Tax's role in fueling the French Revolution and the broader wave of 19th century democratic reforms underscores its profound impact on the development of representative government in Europe.

The resistance it sparked helped catalyze a fundamental shift away from absolute monarchy and towards more equitable, participatory political systems. As such, the Poll Tax remains a potent symbol of the power of grassroots political mobilization, and a cautionary tale about the dangers of implementing overly regressive and inequitable forms of taxation.

Its historical significance continues to be studied and debated by historians, economists, and political scientists the world over. Poll Tax The Poll Tax, also known as the Capitation Taxwas a form of direct taxation implemented across much of Europe in the late 18th century that required all adult citizens to pay a fixed amount regardless of their income or wealth.

Capitation tax louis xiv biography: New taxes introduced under Louis

Spread Across Europe As absolutist monarchs in other European nations sought new sources of revenue to fund their growing bureaucracies and military forces, many followed France's lead and instituted their own versions of the Poll Tax in the late s. The government of Louis XIV developed two taxes during the last thirty years of the king's reign that forced the privileged to pay.

This book is a study of how those taxes developed and what caused them to be adopted. McCollim brings to life the man who was arguably the central figure in the final transformative years of Louis XIV's reign.