Avram yehoshua biography of albert einstein

This phenomenon occurs when light, typically in the form of photons, strikes a material surface and liberates electrons from it. Also Read: Timeline of Albert Einstein. Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by proposing that light energy is quantized into discrete packets of energy, now known as photons. He suggested that the energy of these photons is directly related to their frequency, and this insight provided crucial support for the emerging field of quantum mechanics.

For his work on the photoelectric effect, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in Building on his special theory of relativity, Einstein developed the general theory of relativity, which is a theory of gravitation. General relativity made a groundbreaking prediction: the bending of light by gravitational fields. General relativity has become a fundamental theory in modern physics and has implications for our understanding of the universe on both cosmic and quantum scales.

It continues to be a cornerstone of theoretical physics to this day. Brownian motion is the random, erratic motion of small particles suspended in a fluid. InEinstein provided a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. He died in April at age With his passion for inquiry, Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20 th century.

He grew up in a secular Jewish family. His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and engineer who, with his brother, founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein had one sister, Maja, born two years after him. Einstein attended elementary school at the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. He also had what were considered speech challenges. However, he developed a passion for classical music and playing the violin, which would stay with him into his later years.

Toward the end of the s, Max Talmud, a Polish medical student who sometimes dined with the Einstein family, became an informal tutor to young Einstein. Hermann relocated the family to Milan, Italy, in the mids after his business lost out on a major contract. Einstein was eventually able to gain admission into the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, specifically due to his superb mathematics and physics scores on the entrance exam.

He was still required to complete his pre-university education first and thus attended a high school in Aarau, Switzerland, helmed by Jost Winteler. Einstein later renounced his German citizenship and became a Swiss citizen at the dawn of the new century. The maximum score of the current version iswith an IQ of or higher ranking in the 99 th percentile.

Magazine columnist Marilyn vos Savant has the highest-ever recorded IQ at and was featured in the Guinness Book of World Records in the late s. However, Guinness discontinued the category because of debates about testing accuracy.

Avram yehoshua biography of albert einstein: The Hebrew University of

After graduating from university, Einstein faced major challenges in terms of finding academic positions, having alienated some professors over not attending class more regularly in lieu of studying independently. Einstein eventually found steady work in after receiving a referral for a clerk position in a Swiss patent office. While working at the patent office, Einstein had the time to further explore ideas that had taken hold during his university studies and thus cemented his theorems on what would be known as the principle of relativity.

Two focused on the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion. The theory explains that space and time are actually connected, and Einstein called this joint structure space-time.

Avram yehoshua biography of albert einstein: This Biographical Dictionary provides detailed accounts

Einstein considered this theory the culmination of his life research. It also offered a more expansive, nuanced explanation of how gravitational forces worked. Today, the theories of relativity underpin the accuracy of GPS technology, among other phenomena. Even so, Einstein did make one mistake when developing his general theory, which naturally predicted the universe is either expanding or contracting.

His later theories directly contracted this idea and asserted that the universe could be in a state of flux. Then, astronomer Edwin Hubble deduced that we indeed inhabit an expanding universe. This equation suggested that tiny particles of matter could be converted into huge amounts of energy, a discovery that heralded atomic power. Famed quantum theorist Max Planck backed up the assertions of Einstein, who thus became a star of the lecture circuit and academia, taking on various positions before becoming director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics today is known as the Max Planck Institute for Physics from to Once in the US, Einstein dedicated himself to a strict discipline of academic study.

He would spend no time on maintaining his dress and image. Einstein was notoriously absent-minded. In his youth, he once left his suitcase at a friends house. Although a bit of a loner, and happy in his own company, he had a good sense of humour. On January 3,Einstein received a letter from a girl who was having difficulties with mathematics in her studies.

Einstein consoled her when he wrote in reply to her letter. I can assure you that mine are still greater. But, he followed no established religion. His view of God sought to establish a harmony between science and religion. Einstein described himself as a Zionist Socialist. He did support the state of Israel but became concerned about the narrow nationalism of the new state.

Inhe was offered the position as President of Israel, but he declined saying he had:. Albert Einstein was involved in many civil rights movements such as the American campaign to end lynching. But he also spoke highly of the meritocracy in American society and the value of being able to speak freely. On the outbreak of war inEinstein wrote to President Roosevelt about the prospect of Germany developing an atomic bomb.

He warned Roosevelt that the Germans were working on a bomb with a devastating potential. Roosevelt headed his advice and started the Manhattan project to develop the US atom bomb. But, after the war ended, Einstein reverted to his pacifist views. Einstein said after the war. In the post-war McCarthyite era, Einstein was scrutinised closely for potential Communist links.

He was also a strong critic of the arms race. Einstein remarked:. Einstein was feted as a scientist, but he was a polymath with interests in many fields. In particular, he loved music. He wrote that if he had not been a scientist, he would have been a musician. As a child, Einstein became fascinated by music he played the violinmathematics and science.

He dropped out of school in and moved to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Avram yehoshua biography of albert einstein: Prof. Albert Einstein. Physics. For

Inhe renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Swiss citizen in Did you know? Almost immediately after Albert Einstein learned of the atomic bomb's use in Japan, he became an advocate for nuclear disarmament. Robert Oppenheimer in his opposition to the hydrogen bomb. While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein fell in love with his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed the match and he lacked the money to marry.

The couple had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in earlyof whom little is known. After finding a position as a clerk at the Swiss patent office in Bern, Einstein married Maric in ; they would have two more children, Hans Albert born and Eduard born While working at the patent office, Einstein did some of the most creative work of his life, producing no fewer than four groundbreaking articles in alone.